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Each time you drink from a plastic bottle or dip a teabag into hot water, you may be swallowing more than just your beverage. A growing body of research is exposing how everyday plastic food containers and utensils are quietly contaminating our bodies with tiny fragments known as microplastics and nanoplastics. Growing evidence suggests this may be contributing to a silent public health crisis.
In a new study, Swiss scientists confirm what many people have long suspected: plastics, particularly those used in food packaging and preparation, are shedding tiny particles that don’t just pass through our body – they can lodge in critical organs including the brain, heart, lungs, and even the placenta. These fragments have previously been linked to a range of health conditions, including lung cancer, asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, neurological symptoms such as fatigue and dizziness, inflammatory bowel disease, and even disturbances in gut microbiota.
Conducted by the Zurich-based Food Packaging Forum in collaboration with experts from Switzerland and Norway, the new study reviews 103 previous investigations into so-called ‘food contact articles’ (FCAs). These include common plastic items like bottles, cups, baby feeders, cling film, chopping boards, trays, and even teabags. The researchers found consistent evidence that microplastics are released during normal use – such as opening a plastic cap, slicing food on a plastic board, or even just steeping a teabag in boiling water. Particularly troubling is the discovery that baby bottles and related accessories also shed them. Yet despite this, regulators and public health authorities have done little to address the problem.
Most of these fragments are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or its recycled counterpart rPET – petroleum-based materials that take centuries to degrade and are now found in oceans, soil, and the human body. They have also been detected in human blood, the gut, brain tissue, breast milk, and unborn children.
Even more worrying is that these particles act as sponges for other toxic substances. Because plastics repel water, they easily bind to other dangerous compounds – including mercury, pesticides, and dioxins – delivering a toxic payload directly into the body. Once inside, they can accumulate in fatty tissues, adding to the body’s chemical burden over time.
Despite mounting evidence, authorities remain slow to act. Calls from independent scientists for stricter testing and regulatory oversight are routinely ignored or watered down – often due to pressure from the powerful petrochemical and food packaging industries. Unsurprisingly, the pharmaceutical sector, which stands to benefit from diseases linked to chronic exposure, has shown no interest in promoting prevention or detoxification strategies.
This problem reflects a broader failure of modern public health policy: a system that permits – and arguably even encourages – widespread human exposure to synthetic chemicals, then monetises the resulting illnesses. While a complete cessation of plastic use may for now be impossible, with the cost of the alternatives in many cases presenting a significant barrier, trying to reduce our exposure over time seems sensible.