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Every year, millions of people suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) – whether from a car crash, a fall, or a blow to the head. But despite all the medical tools doctors have at their disposal today, there is still no reliable way to fully protect the brain from the damage that unfolds after the initial impact. Promisingly, therefore, a recent scientific review has put the spotlight on a natural compound, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), suggesting it could potentially play a key role in protecting the brain and supporting recovery.
When someone experiences a serious blow to the head, the damage doesn’t stop with the impact. The brain’s energy-hungry cells are thrown into chaos and struggle to make the fuel they need to survive. Much of this has to do with the body’s cellular power plants – the mitochondria – which become damaged and leaky, producing harmful molecules known as free radicals. This vicious cycle of poor energy production and oxidative stress can worsen brain swelling, trigger runaway inflammation, and push neurons to self-destruct through processes known as apoptosis and ferroptosis. Standard treatments for TBI focus mainly on stabilizing the patient and relieving pressure on the brain but do little to address the deeper cellular crisis.
Known for decades as an essential compound that helps mitochondria produce energy, CoQ10 also acts as a powerful antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory properties. In other words, it may do exactly what damaged brain cells need: shore up energy production, mop up harmful free radicals, and calm the out-of-control inflammatory response. Studies in animal models of TBI show that giving CoQ10 can reduce brain swelling, lower levels of inflammation, and even limit the spread of cell death in the brain. In experiments involving rats and mice, CoQ10 or its more easily absorbed analogues have helped preserve mitochondria and improved motor skills after injury.
Despite these promising results, CoQ10 has yet to be tested properly in people with TBI. One reason for this is that CoQ10 is a large, fat-soluble molecule that does not easily cross the blood–brain barrier, the brain’s natural defense system that blocks many substances from entering. This means that even if you swallow large doses of CoQ10, very little may actually reach the brain. Researchers have tried to develop synthetic versions of CoQ10 or deliver the nutrient through intravenous injections, but these approaches have their limits too.
Intriguingly, therefore, the review highlights a potential workaround: the intranasal route. Research shows that certain compounds can be delivered through the nose, travelling directly along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves into the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier altogether. Animal studies hint that CoQ10 analogues delivered intranasally reach brain tissue more efficiently, reduce damage, and improve recovery after brain injury.
CoQ10 is already well-known for its benefits beyond the brain. It is commonly used to support heart health, and may help reduce muscle damage and fatigue. It even plays a role in ensuring optimum functioning of the immune system, which is particularly relevant since people who have suffered a brain injury are at greater risk of developing heart complications due to excessive inflammation. Clearly, therefore, CoQ10 supplementation could have multiple benefits for TBI patients.
The big question, however, is whether this natural approach will ever get the funding and attention it deserves. So far, no major clinical trials have tested intranasal CoQ10 in TBI patients, and only one small pilot study in ICU trauma patients has hinted that CoQ10 supplementation might reduce inflammation and shorten hospital stays. Given how safe and well-tolerated CoQ10 is – with no serious side effects reported even at very high doses – you may therefore be wondering why scientists aren’t moving faster to explore its full potential.
One reason is that CoQ10 cannot be patented in its natural form, thus meaning that drug companies have no interest in investing in expensive clinical trials. This is yet another example of how the pharmaceutical ‘business with disease’ deliberately overlooks simple, natural molecules – even when they might make a world of difference to patient outcomes.
In its conclusion, the review calls for urgent research to test whether CoQ10 – ideally given through innovative routes like intranasal delivery – could be the missing link in improving recovery after traumatic brain injury. If the animal studies hold true in humans, this vitamin-like compound could potentially become a low-cost, safe, and natural way to protect the brain just when it needs it most. Let’s hope the necessary clinical trials take place soon.